Early+Cold+War

**Copy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading [|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War] from ABC-CLIO.** **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** **[|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO]** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**


 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * ====Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe====
 * ====Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies====
 * ====Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections====
 * ====United Nations will be formed====
 * ====USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"====
 * ====the roots of the Cold War are established==== || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg height="227" align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS
 * The war aided the establishment of a peace keeping body called the United nations.
 * On April 1945 delegates from 50 different countries came together to discuss the creating of a new international peace organization, one that would succeed its former and much weaker League of Nations.
 * **CONTAINMENT
 * ====A policy first used by the U.S. in 1947====
 * ====Used in response to communism====
 * ====It was implemented to prevent—through political, economic, and diplomatic methods—the growth of a hostile country's territory and to limit the country's ideological influence.====
 * || [[image:turningpoints2010:kennan.jpg height="218" caption="George Kenean"]] ||  ||
 * George Kenean ||  ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE
 * On March 12 1947, president Harry Truman established a foreign policy doctrine during the early stages of the cold war.
 * In general stated that america should take an active role in contain the spread or rapid growth of communism.
 * Truman specifically pointed out Turkey and Greece whom were in economic depressions at the time.
 * The Truman Doctrine was the framework for the Marshall Plan.
 * This Doctrine created the backbone of America's cold war policy and had an effect throughout the world.
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN
 * The Marshall Plan also took place in the early moments of the cold war, to be exact in june of 1947.
 * The plan was thought of by George C. Marshall a notable military officer who served as chief of staff during WWII.
 * Plan expressed to rebuild and restore Europe in order to not allow the Soviet Union influence in all of Europe.
 * Large sums of money were collected for the reconstruction of Europe.
 * || [[image:turningpoints2010:marshall.jpg align="center" caption="marshall.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg height="261" align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT
 * The Berlin Airlift was a massive transport of essential supplies and items to Berlin, Germany
 * It was operated by U.S. and British troops during 1948 and 1949.
 * They led "around-the-clock" missions.
 * The mission was put into effect due to fact that Soviet forces harassed ground transportation that connected West Germany to West Berlin since there was rivalry and tension between the Soviet Union and the Western Powers.
 * Soviet troops later halted all Railways leading to Berlin the only provisions provided by the Western Powers was by air transport.
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT
 * The NATO alliance include America, Canada, and the Western European countries. It was created to try and control the spread of communism in Europe.
 * The Warsaw pact was signed between the Soviet Union and other countries as an opposition to the NATO alliance.
 * || [[image:turningpoints2010:nato.png height="286" align="center" caption="nato.png"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg height="229" align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC
 * The red scare is a phrase that refers to the epidemic like growth of fear towards communism in the United States which occurred twice in the 20th century.
 * The first red scare took place shortly after WWII it included labor strikes, protests, and rapid growing hysteria towards communism.
 * The second red scare happened during the cold war, a few events helped feed or spark the second scare such as Chinas fall to Communism, the Rosenberg trials, and the McCarthy hearings.
 * The Rosenberg Trials were about the conviction of two members of the American Communist Party Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, blamed of passing secret atomic information to the Soviet Union.
 * The HUAC was an anticommunist organization that claimed people guilty or blacklisting people to have communist ties.
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA**
 * The Rosenberg Trials were about the conviction of two members of the American Communist Party Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, blamed of passing secret atomic information to the Soviet Union.
 * The HUAC was an anticommunist organization that claimed people guilty or blacklisting people to have communist ties.
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA**
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA**

* In 1949 the communist beat the anticommunist in the civil war that took place in China.
 * A man by the name of Mao Zedong became head of the new communist government.
 * During China's civil war the nationalist were supported by America, their leader was Chiang Kai-shek, when he was defeated he and his followers fled to the island of Taiwan. || [[image:turningpoints2010:PRCFounding.jpg align="center" caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR

No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** ||
 * **MCCARTHYISM** * McCarthy was a Republican senator from Wisconsin.
 * Using the Korean War to ignite Americans' worries and fears about communism.
 * On February of 1950 McCarthy claimed he had a list of and knew of 205 State Department that belonged to the Communist Party. McCarthy set of a hunt for Communists which ended up ruining thousands of peoples careers.
 * This is why the term McCarthyism has taken on the meaning of claiming reckless charges against innocent people.
 * McCarthy was later charged of improper conduct. || [[image:turningpoints2010:180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg align="center" caption="180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg height="225" align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE
 * During the year of 1957 the Soviet Union expanded their space program.
 * While doing so they launched a multitude of Sputnik satellites, in which three reached orbit.
 * America became stunned by this, this meant the Soviet Union had missle capabilities, ones that could reach the United States of America.
 * Millions of dollars were set aside for research and funding as America and their team of scientists rushed to create a satellite.
 * Causing a large competition between the Soviet Union and America on who could accomplish more in space.